First aid CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION(CPR)

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION(CPR)
The new guideline from the American Heart Association
recommends that compression of the chest is started
before airway.
That is C-A-B instead of A-B-C

Here are the steps for CPR under 3 basic heading; C-A-B:

APPROACHING THE PERSON
* Ask yourself: is it safe for me to approach the person?
Is it safe for the person too? Check for dangers and clear
them or more the person out of the danger. You can do
this by placing a hard board or blanket and roll the
person onto the material or simply roll the person out of
the dangerous area.
* Is the person conscious or unconscious? If he appears
unconscious...tap or shake his shoulder and ask
loudly...'are you okay'...or...call his name. If the person
responds and breathing is good,then leave CPR and give
other necessary first aid.
If no responds,the roll the person on his back.
* Call the paramedic or police
However,for suffocated person like drowning, do CPR for
one minute before calling.
* Call for an assistant,if available.

COMPRESSION ( ensures adequate circulation )
Start chest compression
* Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
*place the heel of your hand on the centre of the
person's chest between the Tips,then put the other hand
on top of the first with your fingers interlaced. Your
elbow should be straight and your shoulders directly
above your hands.
* Press down the chest to at least 2 inches or approx
5cm (for adults and children) and 1.5 inches (for infants)
.
Do 30 compressions (if well trained in CPR) or 100 per
minute (if not well trained). Then move to airway.

AIRWAY
* Clear the airway of any obstruction
* Open the airway with a head tilt and chin lift.
* Check for normal breathing,chest movement, feel for
the person's breath on your cheek or ear (this shouldn't
take more than 10secs)

BREATHING (mouth to mouth)
while keeping the head tilted and chin lifted.
*pinch the nose of the person to close it. Take a normal
breath,cover the person's mouth with yours to create an
airtight seal.
* Then give 2 breaths,each should take one second,as
you watch for the chest to rise during each breath.
* Continue the compression and breath...30
compressions to 2 breaths...until help comes.
This ratio is the same for one-person or two-person
CPR.

DON'Ts
Don't do head tilt and chin lift if you suspect the person
has neck injury or fracture.